The invention discloses an automatic superimposed data collection algorithm based on network topology. The automatic superimposed data collection algorithm comprises the following steps: startup is performed, i=1 is set, wherein i expresses the i level node; a main node refreshes routing topology information; and the main node sends data information of collecting a certain leaf node of the k level. The technical scheme has the advantages that the network topology information is fully used on the basis of the traditional data collection method, when the information of the leaf node is transmitted back, the node information along the way is used as additional information, so that the information of all nodes on the path is collected at the same when the information of one leaf node is collected, compared with the traditional asking and answering communication mode, the communication times are reduced, the communication time is shortened, and the data collection efficiency is improved; and compared with the traversal data collection, the algorithm only needs to perform data collection on the leaf node to achieve the data collection of all nodes in the whole network, therefore the multiplicity of the traversal process is reduced, and fast data collection can be achieved.