The invention discloses an advanced denitrogenation method for tail water of a sewage treatment plant, and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. A sulfur autotrophic nitration technology and a desulfating technology are combined to replace a traditional heterotrophic denitrification technology, and pollution caused by adding a liquid carbon source is effectively avoided. By means of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification taking elemental sulfur as an electron donor, nitrate in the tail water of the sewage treatment plant can be effectively removed, denitrification is thorough, the highest removal rate of the nitrate can reach 100%, and no nitrite is accumulated in effluent; the denitrification speed is high, the efficiency is high, HRT is only 0.35 h, and no excess sludge is discharged. By means of a follow-up modified hydrotalcite adsorbed sulphate treatment unit, the concentration of sulfate in the effluent is effectively lowered, and the sulfate removal rate is larger than 50%.