The invention relates to protective tree pruning equipment with a rail detection function. The equipment comprises a rail movement base which can realize an automatic movement detection function of rails, and a rail tree pruning device is mounted on the upper end face of the rail movement base and can realize an automatic pruning function of rail protection trees; the rail tree pruning device comprises a pruning bottom plate welded to the upper end face of a baseplate, a pruning support plate is welded to the pruning bottom plate, a clamping rotary cutting branch chain is mounted in the middle of the side face of the pruning support plate and can realize a clamping rotary cutting function of rail protecting trees, two saw-cutting beating branch chains are mounted on two sides of the side face of the pruning support plate symmetrically and symmetrically located on two sides of the clamping rotary cutting branch chain, and rotary-cut branches are quickly beaten and cut into pieces through the saw-cutting beating branch chains. The equipment can realize a rail condition detection and tree pruning integrated automatic maintenance function.