The invention discloses an anti-theft apparatus and system of a distribution box. The apparatus comprises a cabinet door state detection circuit arranged between a cabinet door and a cabinet body of the distribution box for detecting whether the cabinet door is at an open state or a closed state relative to the cabinet body; a door lock state detection circuit arranged on a door lock of the cabinet door for detecting whether the door lock is at an unlocked state or a locked state; a signal trigger circuit connected with the cabinet door state detection circuit and the door lock state detection circuit for generating first trigger signals when the cabinet door is at the open state and the door lock is at the locked state, wherein the first trigger signals are used for prompting that the distribution box is stolen; and a communication module connected with the signal trigger circuit for sending the first trigger signals to a remote terminal. Through the antitheft apparatus and system, the problem of incapability of accurately monitoring whether the distribution box is stolen in related arts is solved.