The invention discloses a method for producing an aerogel composite sawdust board, and also provides the aerogel composite sawdust board produced through the method. The method comprises the following steps: weighing all components according to weights, processing sawdust, preparing a slurry, producing a sawdust board, carrying out demolding maintenance, and carrying out surface treatment to produce the aerogel composite sawdust board. Aerogel is compounded with sawdust through a gelling material, so the heat insulation performance of the sawdust board is greatly improved. The produced aerogel composite sawdust board has the performances of a fireproof heat insulation material, can substitute parts of heat insulation products, can reduce the thickness of a house heat insulation layer in the user process, and effectively improves the practical use area of the house.