The invention relates to a graphene phase carbon nitride tin oxide compound material for near room-temperature air-sensitive selective detection of organic pollutants, a preparation method and an application. The compound material is a graphene phase carbon nitride nanometer slice loaded with tin oxide nanometer balls or a thin graphene phase carbon nitride nanometer slice loaded with tin oxide nanometer balls and is characterized by uniform loading, difficulty in falling off, and the like. The detection temperature of the graphene phase carbon nitride tin oxide compound material provided by the invention is at 20-600 DEG C; and different from the optimal detection temperature of tin oxide at 260 DEG C, the room temperature detection for aldehyde volatile organic pollutants can be realized, the high-temperature detection requirement for the traditional air-sensitive material can be reduced, and the energy consumption of the air-sensitive detection can be greatly reduced.