The invention provides a LabVIEW based CAN bus self transmitting-receiving test method. The method comprises that a CAN bus is configured by initialization; task cycle times are set, and test data and ID are emitted; delay time of data sending is waited for, and it is confirmed that all data is emitted; return data of a tested object is read, delay time of data reception is waited for, and it is confirmed that all data is received; the content, length and test ID of the received data are compared with those of the sent test data, next time of cycle test is carried out if the content, length and test ID are correct, and otherwise, test is quit, and error content is prompted; and after that the task cycle times are completed, the task is cleaned, and the resource memory is released. The invention also provides a LabVIEW based CAN bus self transmitting-receiving test system. The test system is general, and can be used to carry out self transmitting and self receiving test on a CAN bus interface.