The invention relates to a high-efficient and green ion-absorbed-type rear earth extraction method by adopting aluminum sulfate as a leaching agent. The method comprises the steps of preparing a leaching agent solution; leaching ion-absorbed-type rear earth, using primary amine for extracting rare earth, uranium, thorium and ferrum from the leaching solution and reverse extracting the rare earth, the uranium, the thorium and the ferrum from an extraction organic phase; using p227 for extracting heavy rare earth, the uranium and the thorium from a reverse extraction liquid; using hydrochloric acid for reverse extracting and separating the rare earth from the uranium and the thorium; using hydroxide and basic oxide for precipitating residual aluminium-ferrum-thorium from the reverse extraction liquid; preparing rare earth products with different specifications through a precipitation method; unoiling and recycling a raffinate; recycling precipitated wastewater; protonizing an extracted organic phase; and the like. According to the method, the leaching efficiency of the current ion-absorbed-type rear earth can be remarkably improved, the emission of harmful elements is greatly reduced, radioactive elements such as the uranium and the thorium are reasonably treated and recovered, the pollutant load in a tail water immersion liquid is ensured to meet the emission requirement, the security and the stability of tailings are improved, and the method is a key technology for realizing high-efficient and green ion-absorbed-type rear earth extraction.