The invention relates to a foldable polyhedral structure with single degree of freedom and large folding ratio, and discloses a foldable hexahedral structure. The structure comprises six folding units, twelve rod units and a symmetric axis, wherein connecting positions of the six folding units are respectively connected with connecting positions on the twelve rod units through revolute pairs or ball pairs to from a closed polyhedral structure; the units and motion pairs can meet a series of symmetric relations and constraint conditions in regard with a symmetric axis, so that a tetrakaidecahedron structure which can be folded into a hexahedron structure can be constructed. According to the foldable hexahedral structure, two stable states including folding and unfolding can be realized, the small folded size is convenient for transmitting or transporting, and the unfolded structure has a large working space; and the whole structure only has one degree of freedom, has the advantages of simplicity in production processing, convenience in motion control, high reliability and the like, and has important meaning and wide application prospect in aerospace, civil engineering and other fields.