The invention provides a double-arm multi-head visual identification chip mounter control system and method. According to the system, an industrial mainboard is provided with left and right area communication channels. The CPU of the industrial mainboard is connected with a left material inlet and outlet controller, a left servo controller, a left chip mounting head control module and a left suction nozzle automatic replacing controller through the left area communication channel, and is connected with a right material inlet and outlet controller, a right servo controller, a right chip mounting head control module and a right suction nozzle automatic replacing controller through the right area communication channel. The CPU is also connected with an alarm and detection system. The technical effects of the double-arm multi-head visual identification chip mounter control system and method are that a flight camera motion mechanism is integrated on the chip mounting heads so that modular control is facilitated and the data processing effect can be enhanced; the chip mounting head controllers control the flight camera, an R-axis motion module, a Z-direction driving motor and a flight camera motion module driving motor in an integrated way; and the double-arm multi-head visual identification chip mounter control system and method are simple in structure, miniature and low in cost so that the objectives of stable, accurate and rapid mounting of the chip mounting heads can be achieved.