The present invention discloses a protective adjustment method, a device and an air conditioning system of a compressor. The method and the device are used for protective adjustment of the compressor of the air conditioning system. Particularly, the method includes firstly acquiring operating parameters of the compressor; judging the operating parameters and judging that the compressor is in a bad condition when the operating parameters meet the preset judgment conditions; lowering working frequency of the compressor in the preset adjustment mode according to the operating parameters when the compressor is judged to be in a bad condition. It can be seen that in this embodiment, the compressor is directly controlled so that the compressor can quickly get rid of the harsh conditions, thus avoiding repeated start and stop of the air conditioning system caused by slow control of the traditional adjustment mode and thereby avoiding breakdown of the air conditioning system due to repeated start and stop.