The present invention relates to a high-temperature resistant plant inorganic pigment type color oily fertilizer anti-caking agent, which comprises, by mass, 2-4% of iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide blue, iron oxide green, purple ferric oxide, brown ferric oxide or iron oxide black, 0.1-0.3% of span 20, 76.7-88.9% of palm oil, 3-9% of phosphoric acid, and 6-10% of palm wax, wherein grinding with a horizontal grinding mill and uniform mixing are performed to prepare the high-temperature resistant plant inorganic pigment type color oily fertilizer anti-caking agent. According to the present invention, with the application of the high-temperature resistant plant inorganic pigment type color oily fertilizer anti-caking agent in in warping of a fertilizer, the appearance color of the fertilizer is correspondingly the red color, the yellow color, the blue color, the green color, the purple color, the brown color or the black color, such that the characteristics of the same color inside and outside the fertilizer, no color difference, no quot, uniform and stable color, strong coating ability, light fastness, sun resistance, temperature resistance, no fading and no color changing are provided, and the high-temperature resistant plant inorganic pigment type color oily fertilizer anti-caking agent can further be used for the fertilizer variety distinction and anti-counterfeit label; and the method is simple, the high-temperature resistant plant inorganic pigment type color oily fertilizer anti-caking agent has the low use cost and good anti-caking performance, can be coated on the fertilizer to achieve the fertilizer loose rate of more than 90%, can be rapidly biodegraded by organisms, and achieves environmental protection.