The invention relates to a heating device which comprises a framework and an electrical heating rod bundle arranged on the framework. The electrical heating rod bundle comprises multiple electrical heating rods, the upper ends of all the electrical heating rods are connected with a power control and data recording system through corresponding electrical heating wires, and the power control and data recording system is used for controlling and setting electrical heating powder in the electrical heating rods; temperature measuring devices are arranged at different heights of the outer walls of all the electrical heating rods respectively, and all the temperature measuring devices are connected with the data control and data recording system through corresponding measuring wires. The heating device can simulate the processes of evaporation to dryness and heating after dryness of spent fuel elements which are different in decay heat under different working conditions after the cooling function is lost and the spray cooling process for relieving accident consequences, the heating device is used for spent fuel element storage, process simulation validation, spent fuel pool accident analysis and design of a spray cooling system, and the purposes of improving safety storage of the spent fuel elements and safety of a spent fuel pool are achieved.