The invention relates to an unattended substation emergency monitoring system which comprises an in-station monitoring background monitoring system, an outdoor device mobile monitoring system, an indoor device mobile monitoring system, a fixed-point monitoring system, an audio acquisition device, a station-end data server, a terminal server and a man-machine interaction platform. The in-station monitoring background monitoring system acquires data information of an unattended in-station background monitoring system. The mobile monitoring systems are arranged indoors and outdoors and respectively monitor indoor and outdoor device appearances and heating situations. The fixed-point monitoring system is used for fixed-point monitoring of during breakdown and communication outage of a single device. The audio acquisition device performs device audio acquisition, analysis and transmission under the situation of abnormal sound of devices. The systems are connected with the station-end data server carried to an unattended substation through a wireless network. The station-end data server sends specific data to the terminal server according to the instructions of the terminal server so as to enable access of workers through the man-machine interaction platform. The system has wide adaptability.