The invention provides a method for efficiently cleaning the road surface of an iron and steel plant. The method specifically comprises the steps that 1, a scattering vehicle is used for evenly scattering magnetic mineral powder on the road surface of the iron and steel plant, and when the magnetic mineral powder is scattered, the scattering position is away from the road surface by 20 cm or below, so that the magnetism of dust on the road surface is increased and dust raising during scattering is avoided; 2, according to the magnetic attraction principle, a mixture of the magnetic mineral powder and iron-containing substance dust on the road surface of the iron and steel plant is recovered to a magnetic separation device through a conveyor belt; 3, the magnetic separation device is used for conducting magnetic separation on the recovered mixture of the magnetic mineral powder and the iron-containing substance dust; and 4, after the operation in the first three steps, magnetic mineral powder and slag are obtained, part of the magnetic mineral powder obtained after magnetic separation is evenly scattered through the scattering vehicle on the road surface of the iron and steel plant to be recycled, the other part of the magnetic mineral powder is conveyed to a stock yard to be used for production, and the slag is discharged to a rubbish treatment station for landfill.