The invention belongs to the field of purification and particularly relates to a cooling type efficient flue gas desulfurization dusting machine which comprises a conveying pipe, a tank car feeding cloth bag and a dusting machine body, wherein the tank car feeding cloth bag is fixedly arranged on a discharging hole of the conveying pipe; a hole is formed in a dedusting cover; the dedusting cover is arranged on the excircle of the conveying pipe in a sleeving manner and is in stationary fit with the conveying pipe in a sealing manner; an air inlet is formed in the end, close to the tank car feeding cloth bag, of the dedusting cover; an air outlet is further formed in the dedusting cover; the air inlet can be in air-tight seal fit with a feeding hole of a tank car waiting for transporting; and the air outlet is connected with an inlet of a dedusting pipe. According to the invention, the dusting machine body is mounted on the conveying pipe in a sleeving manner; the air inlet of the dedusting cover of the dusting machine body is in tight fit with the feeding hole of the tank car; dust generated in the tank car enters the dedusting cover and is discharged into a recycling device through the dedusting pipe of the dusting machine body to prevent dust from leaking externally to cause secondary flowing dust pollution, so that the working environment of operation staff is greatly improved, and pollution to the environment is also avoided.