The invention discloses a stair climbing wheel chair adopting circular gear and non-circular gear transmission mechanisms. The wheel chair comprises a wheel chair inner structure, a wheel chair outer structure and an electrical apparatus control system; the wheel chair inner structure comprises a wheel chair body, a rear-wheel back-and-forth moving mechanism and a wheel chair stair climbing power mechanism; the wheel chair utilizes four gear and non-circular gear transmission mechanisms as the wheel chair stair climbing power mechanism, alternate relative movement is produced between the wheel chair inner structure and the wheel chair outer structure through synchronous transmission of a first gear (35), a second gear (36), a third gear (46) and a fourth gear (47), and by means of the relative movement, the stair climbing action of the wheel chair is completed; in the stair climbing process of the wheel chair, all particles (including a person sitting on the wheel chair) in the wheel chair stably move forwards in a rising or falling mode, and the stable effect of stair climbing movement of the wheel chair is achieved; meanwhile, the wheel chair is simple in structure and low in manufacturing cost.