The invention discloses an active power distribution network short period active optimization method containing a cell energy storage system. Based on the economic considering of time-of-use electricity price and power purchasing and selling cost, cell energy storage system equivalent operation cost, wind abandoning light abandoning cost, miniature gas turbine operation cost and compensation cost of controllable load adjustment, an active power distribution network short period active optimization model with the target that the operation total cost at the power distribution side is lowest is provided, and a branch and bound-primal-dual interior-point method is utilized for solving. A cell circulation lifetime is calculated, the equivalent operation cost of the cell energy storage system is calculated, and economic operation is realized. By adopting the method, the optimization scheduling management of distributed energy and the consumption of DG are realized, and the operation economy of the active power distribution network is improved. According to the invention, the decoupling interior-point method is applied to the solving of a multi-period nonlinear programming problem, and the calculation efficiency is improved.