The invention discloses an attribute encryption scheme for cipher text having equal comparability that can achieve safe comparison of cipher texts. The scheme comprises the steps of initializing system safety parameters, establishing an attribute universal set U, generating a main secret key msk, and generating public parameters params. A secret key generation center generates a private key sk according to an attribute set S of a user and the main secret key msk, and sends the private key to the user. A data owner firstly defines an access control structure A and a related attribute set, and a mapping function of the access control structure on a control matrix according to the params, and then generates a keyword cipher text CT1 and a data cipher text CT2 and sends the cipher texts to a cipher text manager. The cipher text manager can store and extract the cipher text according to comparison with the keyword cipher text CT1. When the user wants to get the cipher text related to keywords, the keywords are sent to the cipher text manager in a cipher text manner, the cipher text manager acquires the cipher text of related data according to comparison of the cipher texts of the keywords, and sends the cipher text of related data to the user, and the user can decrypt the data cipher text according to the own private key to acquire the corresponding data.