The invention discloses an image processing device of visual cortex prosthesis. The image processing device comprises a left miniature camera, a right miniature camera, an image preprocessor and an image coder, wherein the left and right miniature cameras output respectively and synchronously collected video information in real time to the image preprocessor; the image preprocessor splices and merges two paths of received video information into one full-view image, and further completes the preprocessing operation such as image filtering, enhancing and pixel reduction, and outputs the image to the image coder; the image coder performs further processing and coding on the preprocessed full-view image and converts the image into an electric signal capable of being received by the human body visual cortex. The image processing device provided by the invention realizes the goal of converting the image information collected by double cameras into a current signal used for irritating the visual cortex; on the premise of ensuring the nerve cells to issue the equivalent action potential, the intensity of the incitation current can be effectively reduced, so that the goal of effectively reducing the brain tissue injury can be achieved.