The invention provides a data communication testing method and device. The data communication testing method comprises the steps of establishing a message template based on the type of a to-be-tested message and an international standard of an SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) message; generating a checking message by utilizing a to-be-tested field of the to-be-tested message and the message template; and verifying the message format and message content of the to-be-tested message respectively by utilizing the international standard of the SWIFT message and the checking message so as to generate a format verification result and a content verification result respectively. As the message content and the message format are verified respectively by utilizing the checking message and the international standard of the SWIFT message, the data communication testing method and device can improve the message testing efficiency and quality.