The invention provides a production technique for surface transfer one-time forming of a poly urethane (PU) foam board. The production technique is characterized in that an upper conveying belt and a lower conveying belt wound on belt wheels are involved; the space between the upper conveying belt and the lower conveying belt serves as a foaming space; the production technique for producing the PU foam board comprises the following steps that the lower conveying belt is coated with a release agent or isolation paper is laid on the lower conveying belt; a plastic release film abuts against the upper conveying belt in the foaming space; a PU foaming material is injected onto the lower conveying belt in the position in front of an inlet of the foaming space; the upper conveying belt and the lower conveying belt are rotated, the plastic release film moves along with the upper conveying belt so as to penetrate through the foaming space, the PU foaming material is input into the foaming space and subjected to foam molding, thus the PU foam board is obtained, the PU foam board abuts against the plastic release film, and patterns on the plastic release film are transferred onto the PU foam board; and the PU foam board is output from the foaming space and separated from the plastic release film. By the adoption of the production technique, production of the foam board for producing the transfer patterns is high in efficiency and low in cost.