The present invention relates to the field of textile dyeing, more particularly to an anhydrous dyeing method of a polyimide fabric. The anhydrous dyeing method comprises: sufficiently washing a polyimide fabric in a supercritical carbon dioxide state; pre-treating the washed polyimide fabric by using a low temperature plasma; and dyeing in supercritical carbon dioxide by using a disperse dye to obtain the dyed polyimide fabric. According to the anhydrous dyeing method of the present invention, the dyeing method of the modified polyimide fabric is used, the process is simple, the dyed fabric has characteristics of high dyeing depth and good color fastness, and compared with the traditional dyeing method, the method of the present invention has advantages of water saving, environmental protection, no requirement of additives, short dyeing time and the like, and further has characteristics of production cycle shortening and economic benefit increasing.