The invention discloses a bacterial culturing device based on a blood dialyzer, and belongs to the field of bacterial culturing. The bacterial culturing device based on the blood dialyzer comprises a liquid-path circulation unit, an environment control unit and a dosing unit, and is characterized in that the liquid-path circulation unit comprises a primary culturing bag and a secondary culturing bag, the primary culturing bag is connected with the two ends of the inside of a blood dialyzer body to form a primary circulation loop, the secondary culturing bag is connected with the two ends of the outside of the blood dialyzer body to form a secondary circulation loop, the primary circulation loop is provided with a primary circulation pump, the secondary circulation loop is provided with a secondary circulation pump, and the dosing unit is connected with the primary circulation loop. The bacterial culturing device is convenient to operate, accurate in measurement and high in expansibility and maintainability, and medical workers can conveniently perform medicine PD/PK research.