The invention discloses a petroleum pipeline moving device with a protection structure. The petroleum pipeline moving device comprises a bottom plate. Rolling wheels are arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate. Two side plates are symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate. At least two fixing plates are parallelly arranged on each side plate in the horizontal direction. A fixing belt is connected to the inner side end of each fixing plate. The outer side end of each fixing plate is provided with a through hole matched with the corresponding fixing belt. Each side plate is provided with through grooves matched with the corresponding fixing belts. The non-connection end of each fixing belt is provided with a plurality of first through holes. Protruding blocks are arranged in the positions, on the corresponding fixing plate, of the two sides of each through hole. Each protruding block is provided with a second through hole. A threaded rod penetrates through the first through holes and the second through holes to fix each fixing belt to the corresponding fixing plate. Each threaded rod is matched with a nut. According to the petroleum pipeline moving device with the protection structure, the fixing belts used for clamping a petroleum pipeline are arranged and sequentially penetrate through the through grooves and the through holes, then the fixing belts are fixed to the fixing plates in the mode that the threaded rods are matched with the nuts, and thus not only can the petroleum pipeline be clamped, but also operation is convenient and reliable.