The invention discloses a double-stage single-excitation nonlinear multilayer screening and smashing device. The device comprises a base and a power driving mechanism; the base is cylindrical; the upper surface of the base is connected with a circular discharge plate through multiple high-strength pressure springs; all the high-strength pressure springs are peripherally arranged around the center of the upper surface of the base; multiple discharge holes are peripherally formed in the discharge plate; a support shell is fixed on the upper surface of the discharge plate; the top of the support shell is fixedly connected with a cover body; the cover body is a cylindrical structure with a blocked top and an opened bottom; a feed port is formed in the top of the cover body; a primary smashing mechanism is arranged in the cover body; a secondary smashing mechanism and a vibration screening and smashing mechanism are arranged in the support shell; a power driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the secondary smashing mechanism; and the secondary smashing mechanism is in transmission connection with the primary smashing mechanism. The device is convenient for operation, can fully smash brittle materials by multiple stages, is high in smashing efficiency, is suitable for smashing materials with different particle sizes, and is high in fineness of smashed particles.