The invention relates to a novel surge protection device. The novel surge protection device comprises a lightning protection element, an over-current protection device, a thermal protection device and a shell, wherein the lightning protection element and the over-current protection device are connected in series so as to form a surge discharge circuit. The thermal protection device is located on an electrode of the lightning protection element. The novel surge protection device further comprises a judgment drive device, a current limiter, a linkage mechanism and a normally-open contact. The judgment drive device is connected in series with the lightning protection element and the over-current protection device so as to form the surge discharge circuit. The normally-open contact and the current limiter are connected in series so as to form a bypass which is connected in parallel with the two ends of the judgment drive device and the lightning protection element, or the two ends of the lightning protection element. With the novel surge protection device of the invention adopted, the problem of the actuating dead zones of an existing thermal protection device and an existing over-current protection device can be solved fundamentally.