The invention discloses an air cooling compressor freezing and refrigerating box and a moisture preservation control method thereof. The air cooling compressor freezing and refrigerating box comprises a box body and a refrigerating chamber; the refrigerating chamber is arranged inside the box body; a press bin is arranged at the bottom of the back surface of the box body and internally and fixedly provided with a press; an air channel is formed between the back surface of the box body and the refrigerating chamber and internally and fixedly provided with an evaporator; an evaporator sensor is arranged on the evaporator; the upper portion and the lower portion of the refrigerating chamber are provided with an air outlet and a return air inlet correspondingly; the air outlet and the return air inlet both communicate with the air channel; an in-box sensor is arranged in the refrigerating chamber; the bottom of the air channel is provided with a water receiving vessel, and the water receiving vessel is arranged above the press bin but does not communicate with the press bin; and the upper portion of the air channel is provided with a draught fan, and the position of the draught fan corresponds to that of the air outlet. The air cooling compressor freezing and refrigerating box and the moisture preservation control method thereof have the beneficial effects that frost on the surface of the evaporator is reduced by increasing the evaporating temperature of the evaporator, meanwhile, the water receiving vessel is arranged at the bottom of the evaporator so that the moisture can be compensated for, and the advantages of being low in cost, safe, reliable and high in practicality are achieved.