The invention particularly discloses a free standing brick setting aseismatic cave dwelling and a construction method thereof. The cave dwelling comprises brick foundations, foundation ring beams, brick setting walls, upper ring beams, arch roofs, constructional columns, covering soil and a waterproof protection layer. According to the construction method, the brick foundations are built at first, and the foundation ring beams are poured on the brick foundations; then the brick setting walls are vertically built on the foundation ring beams, and the constructional columns are poured at the two ends of the brick setting walls and in the middles of the brick setting walls; afterwards, the upper ring beams are poured on the upper portions of the brick setting walls, and the arch roofs are built on the upper ring beams; and finally the tops of the arch roofs are covered with the covering soil and rammed, the waterproof protection layer is poured on the upper portion of the covering soil at the same time, and the cave dwelling is obtained. The high adhesive performance of viscous mortar and raw cob bricks is utilized, and the walls and the arch roofs of the whole cave dwelling are constrained by a frame composed of the constructional columns and the ring beams, so that the integrality and anti-collapse performance of the caved dwelling are improved; and compared with traditional cave dwellings, large earth rammed cave supports with the lateral load resistance are not needed, so that the construction work amount of the cave dwelling is greatly reduced.