The invention relates to a novel slotting winding drum and cable arrangement system. The system comprises a slotting winding drum, a cable arrangement mechanism and a winding drum drive mechanism; the slotting winding drum is used for storing cables, the cable arrangement mechanism is used for forcefully and orderly arranging the cables on the slotting winding drum, the winding drum drive mechanism is used for driving the slotting winding drum and the cable arrangement mechanism to rotate, the slotting winding drum is mounted on the winding drum drive mechanism, the winding drum drive mechanism comprises a motor, a speed reducer and a transmission chain, and the cable arrangement mechanism and the winding drum drive mechanism are connected through the transmission chain; the cable arrangement mechanism comprises a reciprocating lead screw and a transmission nut, a positive and reverse double-direction spiral groove is formed in the reciprocating lead screw, the transmission nut is automatically reversed at the end of the reciprocating lead screw to complete the reciprocating motion, and therefore the cable arrangement motion is achieved; and the system has the beneficial effects that the slotting machining process of the slotting winding drum is greatly simplified, and the transmission relation between the slotting winding drum and the cable arrangement mechanism is quantized; and the defect that the traditional cable arrangement manner is low in cable diameter deviation tolerance rate, and the application prospect is wide.