The invention provides a visible light data transmission method based on a micro LED array, which is applied to the micro LED array. The micro LED array comprises N*M LEDs, and N is no less than 2. The visible light data transmission method based on the micro LED array comprises steps: each LED is controlled to enable the LED to work in a saturation region or a cut-off region, and a digital baseband signal is generated; a statistical period is divided into different interval periods; in the different interval periods, bit is adopted to quantize the digital baseband signal to a pixel point array for the micro LED array; and according to the pixel point array for the micro LED array, a light intensity signal dynamic range for the micro LED array in the statistical period is counted. Influences from the nonlinear features of the LED can be effectively restrained, and through adjusting the dynamic range of the visible light information and DC bias light intensity, the transmitting light intensity of the micro LED array is controlled. The light emitting micro LED in the array is dynamically adjusted to improve the service life.