The invention discloses a carbon fiber composite material anode tube for a flue gas dust collector and a production method of the carbon fiber composite material anode tube. The cross section of the carbon fiber composite material anode tube is a tube with an orthohexagonal three-layer composite layer structure, and the three-layer composite layer is composed of carbon fiber composite mat, glass fiber filament yarn and glass fiber composite mat from inside to the outside and forms a conductive inside liner, intermediate structure layer and external reinforcement with rough surface from inside to the outside after curing composite by polymeric adsorbent and surface polishing. The carbon fiber composite material anode tube is made into a single anode tube through the continuous pultrusion production process by mold after electric heating curing, fixed-scale cutting and automatic polishing so as to form a mechanical continuous pultrusion production process and overcome the disadvantages of manual manufacturing. The carbon fiber composite material anode tube has the advantages of being high in production efficiency, good in dimensional stability, high in electric conductivity, capable of realizing multi-specs production and fixed-length cutting production according to the design and high in degree of mechanization.