The invention discloses an experiment system and method for simulating an Antarctic under-ice environment. The experiment system comprises a foundation pit, shafts, condenser tubes and refrigerating machines, wherein the shafts are arranged in the foundation pit, each shaft is externally wound by a plurality of sections of condenser tubes, and each section of condenser tube is connected with a refrigerating machine. The condenser tubes wound on the peripheries of the shafts are divided into five sections, the condenser tubes are connected with five refrigerating machines, the model of the refrigerating machines is Copeland 0500, the power is 4.41 kw, the outer diameter of each condenser tube is 22 mm, and the inner diameter is 19 mm. The method comprises: (1) simulation state of an ice cover and ice river; (2) simulation state of bedrock under ice; (3) simulation state of a lake under ice; and (4) the state of the lake under ice and deposits. The experiment system and method for simulating the Antarctic under-ice environment have the advantages that the application value is extremely high, the pre-calculation of the refrigerating capacity is not needed, the accurate type selecting of the refrigerating machines is ensured, and resource wastes are avoided.