A vector VLIW architecture diagram coloring register grouping allocation method comprises the following steps: S1, data model constructing; S2, network constructing and attribute analysis; S3, conflict analysis; S4, register merging: traversing the instructions of all basic blocks, not processing an instruction if the instruction is not a register transfer instruction, or, analyzing and processing the instruction according to the register category and grouping attribute; S5, conflict graph trimming: pressing all the nodes in a conflict graph into one stack according to the requirements of the register category and grouping attribute; and S6, physical register assigning: popping up the nodes in the stack in turn, and assigning a register meeting the requirements of the register category and grouping to a network corresponding to each node when the node is popped up, so as to enable any two nodes in conflict to get different registers. The method has the advantages of simple principle, easy implementation, and realization of effective register resource allocation in the global level of process.