The invention relates to a device and method for quickly discriminating dry-type transformer windings based on pulse CR detection. The device comprises a pulse ray machine, an image quality indicator and an imaging plate. The method comprises the steps that transmission is conducted on the imaging plate through the pulse ray machine to expose the imaging plate, latent images on the imaging plate are acquired through a laser scanner to form digital images, the number of filaments of the image quality indicator is judged, and accordingly the material of the windings is judged. The device and method for quickly discriminating the dry-type transformer windings based on pulse CR detection adopts a computed radiography technique to quickly discriminate the material of the dry-type transformer windings, operation is simple and convenient without damaging a device body, and the material of the dry-type transformer windings is effectively discriminated within a shorter time.