The invention discloses a fluorescence detection apparatus. The apparatus mainly comprises a light source, an optical fiber, a photoelectric conversion unit, and a concentration detection unit, wherein the light source is used for generating detection light, in order to carry out irradiation for test paper; the optical fiber is used for transmitting fluorescence generated from a fluorescent maker on the test paper after excitation due to irradiation by the detection light to the photoelectric conversion unit; the photoelectric conversion unit is used for converting received fluorescence into an electric signal and sending the electric signal to the concentration detection unit; and the concentration detection unit is used for determining concentration of a target object on the test paper according to the received electric signal. The apparatus has advantages of effectively simplified structure of the fluorescence detection apparatus, reduced cost, reduced complexity of assembling and debugging, and improved reliability of the apparatus.