The invention discloses a surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for a plateau region, belongs to the field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and aims at providing an unmanned aerial vehicle suitable for the temperature of the plateau and used for surveying and mapping of the plateau region. The surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a vehicle body, an engine arranged on the vehicle body, a camera located outside the vehicle body and conveyed by the vehicle body and a carburetor connected to the engine; the carburetor is communicated with the engine, an air inlet is formed in the carburetor, and an air exhausting pipe is arranged on the engine; the surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle further comprises a guide pipe, a temperature sensor and a controller; one end of the guide pipe is communicated with the air exhausting pipe of the engine, and the other end of the guide pipe is close to an air inlet of the carburetor; the temperature sensor is mounted on the air inlet of the carburetor; the controller is mounted on the vehicle body; a control valve is arranged on the guide pipe; and the temperature sensor is in communication connection with the controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the control valve. The surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for the plateau region can automatically adjust the temperature of the air inlet of the carburetor and can normally work on the plateau region with the large temperature difference.