The invention discloses a DC voltage polarity reversal device, and the device comprises: a first high-voltage input end which is used for accessing positive polarity high-voltage DC power supply or negative polarity high-voltage DC power, a second high-voltage input end which is used for accessing a high-voltage DC power supply of which polarity is opposite to the first high-voltage input end, a high-voltage output end, a metal guide rod of which one end is jointed with a high-voltage output end and the other end is alternately connected with the first high-voltage input end and the second high-voltage input end, and a driving device which is connected with the metal guide rod through a insulating transmission rod and can drive the connection state of the metal guide rod between the first high-voltage input end and the second high-voltage input end. The device comprises the following advantages of high DC voltage withstand, adjustable reversal time and mode and good electric charge retention effect in switching process.