The invention relates to a power communication network-based triggering type condition-based maintenance method. The objective of the method is to find out an exactly right balance point between regular maintenance and real-time maintenance to maintain the security of reliable communication network equipment with minimum maintenance cost. In order to achieve the objective, the method of the invention at least comprises the following steps of: step 1, data comprehensive analysis service; step 2, equipment condition evaluation; step 3, equipment maintenance scope evaluation; step 4, maintenance processing; and step 5, maintenance processing structure analysis. According to the method of the invention, a representative bit error rate (BER) and optical power are selected preferentially as important indicators for measuring the signal transmission quality of a communication network; a bit error rate change trend is analyzed in real time through establishing the bit error rate trend model of the communication network; and an optical power change trend is analyzed in real time through establishing an optical power change trend model of the communication network.