The invention provides a novel pneumatic elevator device. The novel pneumatic elevator device comprises a lift car, a hoistway and several landings, the top of the lift car is sealed by the inner walls of the hoistway, the lift car can slide up and down along the inner walls of the hoistway, the interior, of the hoistway, above the top of the lift car is provided with a division plate which is sealed by the inner walls of the hoistway and can slide up and down along the inner walls of the hoistway, a first air exhaust space is formed between the division plate and the top of the lift car, a second air exhaust space is formed between the division plate and the top of the hoistway, the top of the hoistway is provided with a first air exhaust pipeline which is fixedly connected with the division plate and is communicated with the first air exhaust space, the top of the hoistway is also provided with a second air exhaust pipeline communicated with the second air exhaust space, and the first air exhaust pipeline is a telescoping air exhaust pipeline or a flexible pipeline. According to the invention, effective air exhaust spaces in the hoistway space are selectively utilized, the energy conversion efficiency is improved, and energy is saved; for pneumatic elevators with relatively more landings, the energy saving effect is more obvious.