The invention discloses a distributed multi-intelligent-agent real time fault detection method based on neighbor associated condition. By converting node models having faults, a new fault detection model is built, fault signals and system condition variables are decoupled, fault detection difficulty is lowered, and only associated condition information of neighbors can be obtained via nodes. According to the distributed multi-intelligent-agent real time fault detection method, by setting fault detection sub-networks and subjecting sub-network models to corresponding linear conversion, node associated condition information can be converted into condition variables in the above fault detection model, and fault detection tasks can be done via the model. The invention provides a new fault detection solution to observe whether faults occur. The invention provides a neighbor associated condition solution for fault detection results. According to the distributed multi-intelligent-agent real time fault detection method, groupment advantages of a multi-intelligent-agent system are fully used, reliability of detection results is increased without system hardware performance improvement, and the distributed multi-intelligent-agent real time fault detection method is high in application value.