The invention relates to the field of detection devices, in particular to an electronic product appearance defect detection system which mainly comprises a defect detection instrument and vision detection software. The defect detection instrument comprises a machine frame, a camera, a micro-motion slide table, a dome lamp, an annular lamp, a backlight lamp and a light source control circuit board. The camera, the micro-motion slide table, the dome lamp, the backlight lamp and the light source control circuit board are all installed on the machine frame. A lens is installed on the camera. The dome lamp is arranged below the lens. The annular lamp is fixed to the sliding face of the micro-motion slide table and located below the dome lamp. The backlight lamp is arranged below the annular lamp. The dome lamp, the backlight lamp and the annular lamp are all electrically connected with the light source control circuit board. The electronic product appearance defect detection system can be suitable for most of electronic product defect appearance detection items, the multi-station detection is avoided, go-online debugging and maintaining of the vision device are greatly simplified, and the electronic product appearance defect detection system is simple in structure, convenient to use and practical.