The invention discloses a novel vacuum blood collection tube cover opening and closing all-in-one machine. A blood collection tube body clamping block assembly is installed between a left supporting vertical board and a right supporting vertical board; a lifting servo motor drives a movable installation frame to move vertically; a movable plate is installed between a left movable rod and a right movable rod of the movable installation frame and provided with a blood collection tube cap clamping assembly; an in-and-out storehouse drive mechanism drives the movable plate to move front and back to achieve the in-and-out storehouse actions; and the blood collection tube body clamping block assembly comprises clamping block installation bodies, bidirectional screws, tube body clamping servo motors, first synchronous belt transmission mechanisms, tube frame placement strips, blood collection tube frames, springs and tube body clamping block sets. The blood collection tube cap clamping assembly comprises an upper clamping plate, a lower clamping plate, a releasing and clamping drive mechanism and compression springs. The novel vacuum blood collection tube cover opening and closing all-in-one machine is controlled by a touch screen of a sheet metal shell. By means of the structural design, the novel vacuum blood collection tube cover opening and closing all-in-one machine has the advantages of being novel in design, high in automation degree, easy and convenient to operate, high in safety and capable of effectively reducing the labor cost.