The invention relates to an earth-retaining wall structure with steel tube reinforcing ribs and a construction method for the earth-retaining wall structure. The earth-retaining wall structure comprises a brick earth-retaining wall, vertical steel tube reinforcing ribs, transverse steel tube reinforcing ribs, earth nails and backfilled earth, wherein the brick earth-retaining wall is arranged in the side edge of a foundation pit; the vertical steel tube reinforcing ribs are vertically arranged in the brick earth-retaining wall, are close to the inner side surface of the brick earth-retaining wall, are arranged in a spacing manner in a direction of the brick earth-retaining wall, are fixedly connected to the ground, and are internally poured with mortar; the transverse steel tube reinforcing ribs are connected to the vertical steel tube reinforcing ribs; the transverse steel tube reinforcing ribs and the vertical steel tube reinforcing ribs form a vertically-transversely crossed net-shaped structure; the earth nails are arranged in the spacing manner along the height of the vertical steel tube reinforcing ribs; the earth nails pass through the outer side surface of the brick earth-retaining wall and are embedded into rock-soil around the foundation pit; and the gap between the brick earth-retaining wall and the inner wall of the foundation pit is filled with the backfilled earth. The earth-retaining wall structure has relatively high economical efficiency, relatively high reliability and a relatively high efficiency ratio, is simple in structure, and the construction period is shortened.