The invention provides a satellite mobile communication system, method and device supporting simplex data collection service. The satellite mobile communication system adopts a multiple-access technology. The service is backwards compatible with a data collection system. The satellite mobile communication system and the data collection system adopt the same frequency band. The data collection system supports two operation modes: data collection independent operation and cooperative operation with the satellite mobile communication system. The independent operation mode is applicable to the occasion having only uplink services. The invention also provides a corresponding method and a receiver device. According to the invention, the spectrum resource is saved, the implementation mode is flexible and simple, a constellation system is enabled to realize that the data collection service is expanded to the mobile communication service with global coverage in the same frequency band.