The invention provides a multifunctional vacuum spinning device which can conduct vacuum electrostatic spinning, vacuum centrifugal spinning and vacuum centrifugal electrostatic spinning. The vacuum centrifugal spinning and vacuum centrifugal electrostatic spinning part is composed of a driving system, a collecting system, a heating system, a sealing system, a control system and a box part, and the vacuum electrostatic spinning part is composed of a heating system, a collecting system, a sealing system and a control system. According to the multifunctional vacuum spinning device, one machine for multiple purposes can be achieved, disturbance of environment to nano fiberyarn is reduced in a vacuum environment, and it is guaranteed that ultrafine nanofibers which are uniform, good in orientation and ultraclean are produced.