The present invention discloses a method for preparing low-carbon olefin from six-carbon monosaccharide. The method comprises that in the presence of a first solvent and a dehydration catalyst, six-carbon monosaccharide is subjected to a dehydration reaction; in the presence of a condensation catalyst, the obtained dehydration reaction product is subjected to a self-condensation reaction; in the presence of a third solvent and a hydrogenation catalyst, the obtained self-condensation reaction product is subjected to a hydrogenation reaction; and finally the obtained hydrogenation reaction product is subjected to splitting. According to the present invention, the six-carbon monosaccharide can be adopted as the raw material to produce the low-carbon olefin in the high-efficiency manner, the total yield of the low-carbon olefin of the high splitting furnace can be effectively improved, and the requirements of the low-carbon olefin production on the petroleum raw material are effectively reduced.