The embodiment of the invention provides a monitoring method and equipment. The method comprises the steps as follows: a mode-locked laser pulse emitted by a mode-locked laser device is converted into a mode-locked pulse signal through a photoelectric detector; and the obtained mode-locked pulse signal is filtered through a low-pass filter to obtain a low-frequency signal in the mode-locked pulse signal, so that a signal monitor can judge whether a Q modulation phenomenon appears or not in the mode-locked laser device according to the obtained low-frequency signal. According to the method, the low-frequency signal corresponding to the Q modulation phenomenon in the mode-locked pulse signal can be effectively separated out, so that whether the Q modulation phenomenon appears or not in the mode-locked laser device can be monitored through the low-frequency signal; and the adverse effect caused by the Q modulation phenomenon can be reduced subsequently.