The invention discloses an intelligent slipper low-temperature distance measurement device and method. The device comprises a distance detection module, a temperature module, a power management module, a battery, a main control module, and a wireless transmission module. The distance detection module, the wireless transmission module and the temperature module are respectively connected with the main control module, and the main control module is used for the operation coordination of a whole system. The method employs four types of methods to improve the low-temperature ultrasonic ranging precision according to temperature difference, and comprises the steps: correcting a sound speed through temperature; adjusting a driving voltage of an ultrasonic probe; dynamically adjusting the number of transmitted pulses according to the temperature, and adjusting the threshold voltage of a receiving end. Through the adjustment of software and hardware circuits, the device and method improve the distance measurement precision of an intelligent slipper under low temperature, especially in a northern cold region, and plays an important role in preventing a train from escaping and guaranteeing the safety.