The invention discloses a variable angle vertical concrete structure climbing device and a use method thereof. The variable angle vertical concrete structure climbing device includes a pawl-hanging box, a support frame, and a converting framework. A location ear plate of the pawl-hanging box is provided with at least two location pin shaft holes. The lower end of the support frame is hinged to the lower end of the pawl-hanging box. The upper end of the support frame is connected to one location pin shaft hole of the location ear plate to make inclination angles of the pawl-hanging box and the vertical concrete structure consistent. The converting framework is slidingly arranged at the periphery of the support frame. An angle adjusting cylinder and a position adjusting cylinder are arranged between the converting framework and the pawl-hanging box. A cylinder body of the angle adjusting cylinder is fixed and installed at the upper end of the converting framework, and the piston is fixedly connected to the upper end of the pawl-hanging box. The cylinder body of the position adjusting cylinder is fixed and installed at the lower end of the converting framework, and the piston is fixedly connected to the lower end of the pawl-hanging box. During the construction of the variable angle vertical concrete structure, the variable angle vertical concrete structure climbing device can be used as the supporting point for various devices.